Scopulariopsis fimicola causes the white plaster mould of commercial mushroom growing. PMC Baltimore 2010. 3. In the present paper, we present the first case of primary cutaneous M. cirrosus infection in a Chinese female. Scopulariopsis species. It is entirely reasonable to think that high levels of Penicillium or Aspergillus fungal spores found indoors in the air at high levels (or on surfaces that can send high levels of spores into building air), would pose a serious health risk to someone who is already immune compromised, undergoing chemotherapy, for example. And yet, were it not for the mold that inspired the discovery of penicillin millions of lives would have been lost. The genus Microascus. Facts about Stachybotrys chartarum | Mold | CDC Case presentation A 17-year-old female presented with tender ulceration on her left ankle for three months. Fungi and food spoilage. The whole story was clarified by Frederick Challenger in 1945 when he identified the gas as trimethylarsine. They thrive in many various types of conditions even when you do not see them. It can act as an opportunistic pathogen on humans and animals, and its frequently isolated primarily from human skin and nails, then from animals [2,3]. Like all molds, this one can cause health problems. Journal of Natural Products, 71 (6): 10521054. They are cosmopolite organisms, and five species have been associated with human diseases: Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Scopulariopsis brumptii, Scopulariopsis acremonium, Scopulariopsis fusca, and Scopulariopsis koningii. Penicillium marneffei is restricted to Southeast Asia ( 23, 26 ). If you find mold in one area of your home, we recommend searching your entire home to make sure you dont miss any. Also, it is reported tha S. brevicaulis causes rhinosinusitis in dogs [20]. Group 2: Common Indoor Molds. It is a widespread fungus, mostly known as soil saprophytes, but it can act as an opportunistic pathogen on animals and humans [2,3]. While Scopulariopsis is commonly considered as a contaminant, it may cause infections in humans, particularly in . Mold spores are present in virtually every room of every building. Scopulariopsis fungus ball - The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Search for: Close search. Finally, the oxide is reduced to trimethylarsine and the gas, which is toxic and causes human deaths is released. Microascus cinereus is a teleomorph of this species. At 37C, Penicillium marneffei colonies are cream to slightly pink in . Where can Scopulariopsis brevicaulis be found? CBS Laboratory Manual Series 2. This is also referred to as blood poisoning, and septic fever. Abstract. Identification of the Scopularide Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Penicillium marneffei is thermally dimorphic and produces filamentous, flat, radially sulcate colonies at 25C. Most cannabis growers and users wouldn't guess that bacteria such as . Fungal-induced modification of spontaneously precipitated ochreous Comparison of indoor and outdoor fungi and particles in poultry units. Close Menu. On the other hand, presence of filamentous fungi in their surroundings triggers biotransformation and contributes to the mobility of these elements. . Scopulariopsis acremonium has been reported as causing the spoilage of free fatty acids in stored barley. It can cause respiratory problems such as sinus infections, bronchitis and pneumonia. Gupta AK, Gregurek-Novak T (2001). The genus Scopulariopsis, discovered by Bainier (1907), is a genus of fibrous fungi belonging to the group Hiphomicetes. In Microorganisms in Home and Indoor Work Environments Diversity, Health Impacts, Investigation and Control (Flannigan et al. This fungus has relatively high water activity similar to Stachybotrys. J. Environ. Satratoxin H, Satratoxin G, Roridin A, Roridin H, Roridin L-2, Verrucarin J. A free consultation is a great way to get some expert advice about the work that needs to be done in your home, whether or not you plan to do the work yourself. It has been found to grow on all kinds of decomposing organic matter, and it thrives on materials that contain high levels of protein, such as meat and cheese that ripen. From the front, colour is white at the beginning and later it turns grey or light brown. Dangerous Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Penicillium Do not discount low counts of particularly hazardous molds, however. Scopulariopsis sp. - EMLab Decomposers are essential for the survival of the ecosystem. Biodeterioration can be observed not only at the level of the building materials of museum buildings, but also at the level of materials from which art objects are made (natural . Disclaimer. The marine polychaete Arenicola marina: its unusual arsenic compound Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Order: Microascales Containing 90 species, Scopulariopsis has several species which cause allergies and opportunistic infections in humans. MSQPCR methods can determine the genus and species level of molds. It causes Hyperkeratosis in black calves [17], skin infections in goats and rats, and hair loss and skin lesions [18,19]. A case report. doi:10.1080/13693780601103080. In indoor environment Scopulariopsis is found on damp walls, cellulose board and wallpaper; wood; floor and mattress dust. Masonia grisea is an obsolete synonym of this species. Ozturk D, Adanir R, Turutoglu H (2009). Background Microascus cirrosus, the teleomorph of Scopulariopsis spp., is a saprobic species with a worldwide distribution and rarely causes human infection. A few years ago, activated charcoal was the new buzz trend. It is found in deep cutaneous tissue of the ankle, great toe, forearm, skin, palm, fingers lip, and lymph node [8,14]. is scopulariopsis dangerous - bigbestcanada.com (b, e, and f) Scopulariopsis gracilis. Direct examination of the fungal ball: evidence of septate hyphae and Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Most of the dangerous fungal diseases of sugarcane such as red rot caused by Colletotrichum falcatum and smut caused by Ustilago scitaminea survive on perennial host grasses as Kan grass (Saccharum spontaneum) and Munj grass (S. munja) often grown around sugarcane elds. Problems in the degradation and biodegradation of cultural heritage objects exposed or stored in public buildings and museums and of construction materials are caused (between others) by the activity of microorganisms. MICs of fluconazole, itraconazole, and the novel azole Syn-2869 are high, suggesting that some azoles have practically no or very limited in vitro activity against Scopulariopsis isolates [22, 1131]. Law Schools Waiving Lsat 2022, PDF CPSC Statement on mold and mycotoxins health effects Idaho Express Detail > Uncategorized > is scopulariopsis dangerous. Delaying treatment will only allow your condition to worsen. It can trigger asthma attacks. These annellides produce the oval or ellipsoidal, darkly pigmented annelloconidia. Scedosporium inflatum differs from Scopulariopsis by forming annelloconidia in wet clumps at the apices of annellides with swollen bases. is scopulariopsis dangerous10 sources of family income a state without gravity. Septicemia and Bacteremia in Dogs | PetMD Scopulariopsis species are common fungal contaminants both indoors and outdoors, . Scopulariopsis species are sometimes encountered growing on meat in storage. (PDF) Emerging Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses in Central Europe: Usutu Several species have been documented to cause human infections, with S. brevicaulis most commonly implicated. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028203. Fun With Microbiology (What's Buggin' You?): Scopulariopsis - Blogger eds.). Colonies on CYA (Czapek Yeast Autolysate Agar) medium are dense and velutinous, irregularly wrinkled, and colored grey to brownish orange. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is widespread in nature and is usually isolated from the ground, especially in places where cellulose decomposes. Scopulariopsis is a genus of mold that is usually associated with onychomycosis and rarely causes complicated infection in immunocompetent persons. Scopulariopsis sp. - 204060 | ATCC Med Mycol. Apart from humans, S. brevicaulis are pathogenic in animals. Many kinds of mold look similar to this one. Noteworthy, terbinafine appears synergistic with azoles against Scopulariopsis brevicaulis isolates [1990]. 8600 Rockville Pike 2022 Jeep Wrangler Willys Accessories, Life Is Good Theme by polyester t-shirt combo, Honda Gx160 Carburetor Mixture Adjustment. ( Sacc.) S. danica is an obsolete synonym of this species. Discuss your treatment options with your doctor, including the potential side effects of any medications he or she recommends for you. intex 120v electric pump. In Ontario, Canada, S.brevicaulis was mainly isolated from mattresses and settled dust, while on walls was present in smaller amounts (3%) [10]. Invasive Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection in an immunocompromised patient and review of prior cases caused by Scopulariopsis and Microascus species. Conidiophores are either simple or they branch. The use of essential oils could be an alternative solution to S. brevicaulis nail infections. Journal of Medical Mycology 31(2):101118. . Superficial skin infection with Scopulariopsis brevicaulis in two goats. artisan shave soap makers; tres jour perfume gift set; volkswagen interior lights won't turn off; umbra conceal floating; an fuel fittings near nuremberg (E):Arsine is the most toxic form of arsenic. This group of species typically grows with the humidity in the air as its water source. [], Copyright 2023 . Iwen PC, Schutte SD, Florescu DF, Noel-Hurst RK, Sigler L (2012). is scopulariopsis dangerous - top1dna.com Bookshelf The whole story started when arsenate dyes were formulated to be used in wallpapers. In Vitro Triple Combination of Antifungal Drugs against Clinical Scopulariopsis and Microascus Species. Invasive Scopulariopsis alboflavescens infection in patient with acute Petanovi M, Tomi Paradik M, Kritof , Cvitkovi A, Topolovac Z (2010). Foot fungus: Types and treatments - Medical News Today Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Favorable condition for Scopulariopsis brevicaulis growth. The whole story was clarified by Frederick Challenger in 1945 when he identified gas as trimethylarsine. We today know the whole mechanism of the production of this gas. dangerous: [adjective] involving possible injury, pain, harm, or loss : characterized by danger. The most common species found indoors are 1. Fungal keratitis due to Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and a potential promising therapeutic effect of antibacterial agents: A case report. These dogs seem to have a worse reputation than the Pit Bulls when it comes to lists of most dangerous or most aggressive . These microscopic spores can come in many different ways. 2013;51:393743. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2203556119. The appropriate treatment will depend on the type of mold-related health problems you are experiencing, as well as any other health issues you have or medications you take. This problem is not as dangerous as such, but it does not resolve without treatment, can be transmitted from nail to nail and even between individuals. Scopulariopsis is a filamentous fungus that inhabits soil, plant material, feathers, and insects. Scopulariopsis (skop-you-LARE-EE-op-sis) Scopulariopsis grows on many substrates but is known as a saprophyte (living on dead and decaying materials) in the soil. Microascus sp. - EMLab Acaulium insectivorum is an obsolete synonym of this species. All of these species are found in food, drywall, wallpaper, wood, dust, rotten wood, and various other plant and animal products. Health Problems Related to Scopulariopsis. Scopulariopsis sp. have been reported. is scopulariopsis dangerous - kingpoker303.site You can schedule a free in-home consultation with a mold remediation professional that will visit your home, inspect for mold and help you make sure youve located all affected areas. 1). Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 31(2): 196-200. Other arsenic compounds detected in A. marina were . It forms black perithecia with small reniform ascospores, 5-6 m large and 3.5-4.5 m wide [4]. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is type species of the saprophytic genus Scopulariopsis, which belongs to the family Microascaceae. It starts as a small, moist mold and turns into a powdery substance. and Fusarium sp. Get Special Gift: Industry-Standard Mold Removal Guidelines. However, the conidia of Scopulariopsis tend to be spiky or rough around the edges and larger than Penicillium's. Also, if you squint, you can see that the base of the conidium is flat on one end. Fatal bronchial invasion of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis in an acute monocytic leukemia patient. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 76:272280. Get Special Gift: Industry-Standard Mold Removal Guidelines. The most prevalent species was Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (49.4%), followed by Scopulariopsis gracilis (14.4%), Scopulariopsis brumptii (7.2%), Microascus cinereus (5.2%), the Scopulariopsis candida species complex (3.1%), and Microascus cirrosus (2.1%). HospitalInspections.org | Report Detail Salmonella food poisoning occurs when one eats raw or undercooked foods such meat, poultry, eggs or egg products. Abstract. (b, e, and f) Scopulariopsis gracilis. Ninety-nine isolates of clinical origin, tentatively identified as Scopulariopsis or Microascus, were morphologically and molecularly characterized by a combined analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the 28S rRNA gene and a fragment of the elongation factor 1- gene (EF1-) sequences. The following two tabs change content below. Nutritional, Healthical and Therapeutic Efficacy of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) in Animals, Poultry and Humans International Journal of Pharmacology, 12: 232-248. Finally, the oxide is reduced to trimethylarsine and a toxic gas is released. Scedosporium, Scopulariopsis, and Talaromyces. In fact, more Americans die of drug overdoses than in car accidents each year. Chaetomium's ability to degrade cellulose makes them frequent colonizers on various indoor-building materials, such as planks, wallpapers, and gypsum walls. Ascomycetes. Mycobiology, 48 (6): 528-531. Check with your doctor before deciding to do the work yourself if you are experiencing mold-related health problems. in a mare G. NAPPERT, T. VAN DYCK*, M. PAPICH*and M. CHIRINO-TREJOt Departments of Veterinary Internal Medicine, *Veterinary Physiological Sciences and Weterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N . The most widespread and common species is Chaetomium globosum. Dangerous (2021) - IMDb (5) You can buy bulk Baking Soda HERE. There is some debate as to whether these moulds are primary pathogens of nails - infection usually follows trauma and in many cases they are found in nails along with a dermatophyte. The antifungal susceptibilities of the isolates to eight drugs were tested in vitro, with all the drugs generally showing poor activity. These colonies are bluish-gray-green at center and white at the periphery. Mycologia. S. brevicaulis is the most prevalent and significant opportunistic human pathogen from the genus Scopulariopsis[8]. [9,10] Previous reports of fungal keratitis caused by S brevicaulis indicate that it is an opportunistic pathogen that will not normally infect a healthy cornea and that fungal . Histology revealed . Return From Scopulariopsis To Our Main Mold Types Page, Privacy Policy Disclaimer Contact Us, Copyright 2020 www.mold-answers.com - All Rights Reserved. At 37C (98.6F), it can grow limitedly, while at 5C (41F), the growth entirely stops [6]. Conidia are white to brown, subglobose, smooth or with ornamented texture, dimensions 6-9 x 5.5 m [6,9] (Fig. S. melanospora is an obsolete synonym of this species. Filed Under: Fungi Tagged With: mould, Scopulariopsis, Salmonella food poisoning has been a growing concern in recent news. The most prevalent The red, rapidly diffusing, soluble pigment observed from the reverse is very typical. Almost all species of Scopulariopsis are anamorphs, which means that they reproduce only asexually. Water | Free Full-Text | Evaluation of the Richness, Species Diversity Scopulariopsis brumptii - an annellide is seen in . This obsolete species is a synonym of S. acremonium. Most of the hundreds of sub-species are allergenic with only a few that are toxic. Ascariasis is a disease caused by a parasite named Ascaris lumbricoides. intex 120v electric pump. Redefining. Medical Mycology, 50: 561569. Biological Indicators and Sterilization Process, Environmental Monitoring & Bioburden Testing. In order to protect both your home and your health, youll need to remove the mold from your home as soon as possible. Scale bars = 10 m. It produces asexual spores single-celled conidia borne on annelides or irregular penicillin (spore-bearing structures). ; Parasites cause ascariasis as they proceed through their life cycle in humans. (ed). It is among the fungi that cause onychomycosis especially of the toe nails. Jagielski T, Kosim K, Skra M, Macura AB, Bielecki J. Sandoval-Denis M, Sutton DA, Martin-Vicente A, Cano-Lira JF, Wiederhold N, Guarro J, Gen J. J Clin Microbiol. Bacteremia and septicemia occur when the persistent presence of bacterial organisms in a dog's bloodstream becomes systemic, meaning that it has spread throughout the body. This genus is most closely related to other perithecial forming ascomycetes such as Melanospora. Although the phenomenon was initially related only to Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, other moulds found in the environment may also theoretically be able to liberate volatile arsenic compounds by using the same mechanism. (a, c, and d) Microascus cinereus. American Chemical Society, pp. Treatment may include topical antifungal medications applied to the infected nail(s) or oral antifungal drugs. Because mold can vary in color so much, though, you can't tell what kind of mold you have just by looking at it. doi:10.1039/b413752n. Mycologia, 90 (2): 297-302. Invasive Scopulariopsis infections are seen mainly in immunocompromised hosts, such as bone marrow transplant recipients. A reformed sociopath journeys to a remote island to investigate the mystery behind his brother's demise, but soon ends up facing off with more than he bargained for. Buildings | Free Full-Text | Microbial Air Quality in the Built It also interferes with circulation, which can be particularly problematic in diabetics. Like all molds, this one can cause health problems. Scopulariopsis spp. Acaulium anomalum is an obsolete synonym of this species. 2023 Feb 6;9(2):212. doi: 10.3390/jof9020212. In indoor environment Scopulariopsis is found on damp walls, cellulose board and wallpaper; wood; floor and mattress dust. This reflects differences in toxin production by different strains or species within a genus and data gaps, or the Is Scopulariopsis brevicaulis dangerous for humans? In indoor environments it is found on damp walls, cellulose board and wallpaper; wood; floor and mattress dust. This genus is a mould that lacks a known sexual state and thus belongs to the Fungi Imperfecti. A Case of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Endocarditis with - Hindawi Many species of Scopulariopsis can release arsenic gas from substrates that contain this element, which may be noticed as a garlic-like odour. Scopulariopsis Brevicaulis - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Antifungal properties of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil ethyl cinnamate chemotype. Meanwhile, the fungus converts the arsenate found in the paper to trimethylarsine oxide. Also, another dangerous characteristic of S. brevicaulis is its capability to produce toxic volatile compound trimethylarsine from the arsenic medium. Dangerous: Directed by David Hackl. Flannigan B, Miller JD (2011). Fungal degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and its application in bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soil. (204060) is not currently available online. Invasive Scopulariopsis in the immunocompromised host. 1961. Do not rely on your vision as the only way to diagnose mold in your house. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Efficacy of Itraconazole, Terbinafine, Fluconazole, Griseofulvin and Ketoconazole in the Treatment of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Causing Onychomycosis of the Toes. He graduated from the University of Kent at Canterbury, UK, with a Masters degree in Fungal Technology and a PhD in Microbiology. [1] The widespread genus contains 22 species. 22) Scopulariopsis brevicaulis/fusca. Scopulariopsis health effects - Mold Testing and Bacteria Testing A normal mold spore count in a room is typically 200-500 spores. The primary health risk of aureobasidium is its ability to cause infections of eye, skin and nails. Penicillium/Aspergillus - The most common mold species to show up in Indoor Air Samples. A common health problem caused by scopulariopsis is onychomycosis, an infection of the fingernails and toenails. Species are frequently isolated from food and building materials such as drywall paper and wood. In a 28-month oral carcinogenicity study in rats, an increase in the incidence of liver tumors was observed in males at the highest dose tested, 69 mg/kg/day (2x the MRHD based on AUC comparisons of the parent terbinafine); however, even . It is a weakly keratinolytic fungus which is highly resistant to benomyl [531, 1295, 2192, 2202]. Otter Bay Books. Molds and other fungi also play a very significant role in biotechnology and food science, in the production of various types of food, beverages, drugs, antibiotics, and enzymes. Accessibility Garzoli L, Bozzetta E, Varello K, Cappelleri A, Patriarca E, Debernardi P, Riccucci M, Boggero A, Girometta C, Picco AM. nov., the Teleomorph of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Supports Placement of Scopulariopsis with the Microascaceae. Epub 2016 Feb 3. S. brevicaulis can degrade different forms of PAHs by 60-82% after 30 days of incubation in a liquid medium [21]. Download the industry-standard guidelines that Mold Busters use in their own mold removal services, including news, tips and special offers: document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Written by:Aleksandra ZebeljanMycologistMold Busters, Edited by:Dusan SadikovicMycologist MSc, PhDMold Busters. Growth occurs when there is moisture from water damage, water leaks, condensation, water infiltration, or flooding. Scopulariopsis is a filamentous fungus that inhabits soil, plant material, feathers, and insects. C. albicans) and non dermatophytic molds (Fusarium Sp, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Acremonium spp., Chrysosporium pannorum . 1) Aspergillus flavus/oryzae, 27. (E):Arsenic is a minor constituent of soil. Is this dangerous? Generalized Hyperkeratosis Caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis in a Japanese Black Calf. Park J, Kwon W, Hong S-B, Han K-H (2020). See also the detailed description page for this genus. Volatilization and methylation of dimethylarsinic acid and methylation of arsenate and arsenite naturally occur in soil. Fungal keratitis due to Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and a : Medicine Species of mold that are particularly dangerous include those evaluated in the HERTSMI-2 dust test: Aspergillus penicillioides Aspergillus versicolor Chaetomium globosum Stachybotrys chartarum Wallemia sebi [14] It is however categorized as a dermatomycotic mold which is known to cause onychomycosis. In the past, there have been a few serious poisoning incidents due to the growth of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis on dyes used in wallpaper production. Current knowledge on the etiology and epidemiology of Scopulariopsis Scopulariopsis includes both hyaline molds (fungi that grow generally in filamentous form with uncoloured hyphae) and dematiaceous molds (darkly pigmented fungi whose teleomorphs are contained as part of the genus Microascus). And, it will keep growing until the moisture source is removed and the mold spores are completely removed (remediated). Careers. Before FOIA Masoniella grisea is an obsolete synonym of this species. Molds commonly found on wallpapers. Lukassen MB, Saei W, Sondergaard TE, Tamminen A, Kumar A, Kempken F, Wiebe MG, Srensen JL (2015). Several phaeoid Scopulariopsis spp. Standards or Limits for Toxic Mold exposure: Mold exposure limits, mold exposure standards, definitions of mold contamination levels Variation in mold toxicity Mold exposure standards - various U.S. and other Countries standards for allowable mold exposure Effects of mycotoxins, toxicity of Stachybotrys, Penicillium, Aspergillus How toxic is black mold? Legal help for victims of dangerous products. Sodastream Soda Press, The most famous of these dyes was (E):Schweinfurter green, one of several green copper-arsenic dyes that were manufactured and incorporated into wallpapers in 1810s. nov., the Teleomorph of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. We report on a 67-year-old woman with a rare Scopulariopsis fungus ball in the right middle lung lobe. . Moore D, Robson GD, Trinci AP, . Several species have been documented to cause human infections, with S. brevicaulis most commonly implicated. Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 2nd ed, vol. 1994 Honda Fourtrax 300 Oil Capacity, 81-96. Around 70 cases of infection by this fungus have been described in the literature. Scopulariopsis - Wikipedia Classification Biota > Fungi (Kingdom) > Ascomycota (Division) > Hypocreales (Order) > Hypocreaceae (Family) What Does Acremonium Look Like? ERMI is a DNA based method of testing that will identify and quantify molds. is scopulariopsis dangerous tama metalworks snare 13x4 September 19, 2022. ultra pro side loading pages . Also, due to potential of entering and damaging lungs easily. In vitro antifungal susceptibility of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis isolates. S. brevicaulis var. Allergenic Molds " causing allergic sensitization, which is an immune response from the human body. halal mcdonald's los angeles; September 2022; M T W T F S S . This review is to demonstrate secondary metabolites from Botryotrichum and Scopulariopsis and some of their reported biological activities. At 37C, Penicillium marneffei colonies are cream to slightly pink in . Scopulariopsis gossypii | Taxonomy - PubChem This gas was thus called (E):Gosio gas. Occurrence of Scopulariopsis and Scedosporium in nails and keratinous skin. One of the most noticeable features of S. brevicaulis is its association with human death by the production of arsine gas from arsenic dyes found in wallpaper. Agents of hyalohyphomycosis are commonly found in soil, polluted waters, and decaying organic materials worldwide and are important plant pathogens. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 59 (8): 5040-5043. Spores can be hazardous to human health and, if inhaled, potentially cause allergic reactions, asthma symptoms in some people, or coughing, sniffling, and other cold-like symptoms. Scopulariopsis halophilica is particularly resistant to high concentrations of salt, and causes spoilage of salt fish in various Asian countries.

What Are The Trespassing Laws In Georgia, Articles I