The Deadliest Dictator Regimes In History - WorldAtlas [17] Between 1946 and 2010, 42% of dictatorships began by overthrowing a different dictatorship, and 26% began after achieving independence from a foreign government. Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, and Palestine are the only democratic nations in the region, with Israel being the only nation in this region that affords broad political liberties to its citizens. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. The 20th century also saw the rise of personalist dictatorships in Africa and military dictatorships in Latin America, both of which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. This means that the ruler or party has complete control. [7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. [139], Most dictatorships hold elections to maintain legitimacy and stability, but these elections are typically uncompetitive and the opposition is not permitted to win. Donal Blaine Aidan Cinhil Haldane, 24th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1074 to 1095. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. [1]:71. Dictators often employ illegal and/or immoral methods to maintain their power and control, including the use of secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps. Several dictatorships have persisted into the 21st century, particularly in Africa and Asia. The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. [according to whom? [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. The fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in Italy , from 1943 to 1945. A dictator may address the opposition by repressing it through force, modifying laws to restrict its power, or appeasing it with limited benefits. This is a list of famous examples of fascism across history. Hybrid dictatorships are regimes that have a combination of these classifications. Allowing the opposition to have representation in the regime, such as through a legislature, further reduces the likelihood of terrorist attacks in a dictatorship. Even in today's modern world, where freedom is prized and respected, you will still find examples of dictatorship governments around the globe. List Of Communist Countries Today - WorldAtlas [6], The opposition to a dictatorship represents all of the factions that are not part of the dictatorship and anyone that does not support the regime. Factions or divisions among the elites will mitigate their ability to bargain with the dictator, resulting in the dictator having more unrestrained power. In the latter half of the 20th century, Latin America witnessed a rise in authoritarian regimes across the expanse of the regionoften with multiple dictators following different political . Top 10 Worst Dictators In The World In 2023 - TopTen Famous [4] A unified inner circle has the capacity to overthrow a dictator, and the dictator must make greater concessions to the inner circle to stay in power. "[6], For a regime to be considered as a democracy by the DD scheme, it must meet the requirement of four rules below:[1]:69[3], Some regimes may meet the first three rules, but lack an alternation in power in its historical past; these regimes are classified as dictatorships because of cases where the incumbent only allows elections as long as they keep winning, and would refuse to step down if they lost. Among Africans past and present, you'll find a smattering of dictatorships. [45] Although, when it comes to polling and elections a dictator could use his power to override private preferences. Dictatorships seem much more extreme and unethical to people who enjoy the privilege of an outside perspective. [35][36] These dictatorships often emerge either from loosely organized seizures of power, giving the leader opportunity to consolidate power, or from democratically elected leaders in countries with weak institutions, giving the leader opportunity to change the constitution. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. Between the 1990s and the 2000s, most dictators moved away from being "larger-than-life figures" that controlled the populace through terror and isolated themselves from the global community. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. [141] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. [57] The rule of a dictator was not necessarily considered tyrannical in Ancient Rome, though it has been described in some accounts as a "temporary tyranny" or an "elective tyranny". The rights of the people are typically suppressed in a dictatorship, sometimes to a great degree. This instability in turn required rulers to become increasingly authoritarian to stay in power, further propagating dictatorship in Africa. [100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. Deadliest Dictator Regimes in History Maoist Catastrophe Between 1946 and 1976, China suffered under the rule of Mao Zedong, a communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China. Photo: Lars Klove. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD),[1] index of democracy and dictatorship[2] or simply the DD index[3] or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. Also, dictatorships . [11][12] He describes totalitarian regimes as exercising control over politics and political mobilization rather than merely suppressing it. Caudillos were often nominally constrained by a constitution, but the caudillo had the power to draft a new constitution as he wished. List of Famous Dictators - Ranker - Lists About Everything Voted On By A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. In Germany, the head of state is elected by regional legislatures and not popularly elected. A semi-presidential (mixed) democracy has a government that needs the majority of support from a legislature to exist and whose head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. His economic plans have been praised by leaders like Kemal Pasha. [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers. [134] Revolution takes place when the opposition group grows large enough that elites in the regime cannot suppress it or choose not to. [48], An absolute monarchy is a monarchy in which the monarch rules without legal limitations. Coercive distribution comprises of distributing welfare and state resources to control citizens and elites. Dictatorships suffer from an obvious and significant imbalance of power. Dictatorships are authoritarian or totalitarian and can be classified as military dictatorships, one-party dictatorships, personalist dictatorships, or absolute monarchies. An autocracy, monarchy, and dictatorship. The African Dictators | Africa Facts [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. Therefore, the entire country operates on the whims of that one person. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. Although it is true that some dictators are far more strict and overbearing than others, as a rule, dictatorships tend to result in a loss of personal autonomy, quality of life, and political choice for everyday citizens. The leader may be supported by a party or military, but still retains the overwhelming majority of power, especially regarding whom to place in which governmental roles, and relies heavily upon their own charisma to maintain control. Current Dictators Kim Jong-un Kim Jong-un is North Korea's current dictator and the third generation Kim to rule the country, following the death of his father Kim Jong-il in 2011. Terrible things have been done in the name of socialism and here are some of the most rigorous dictators. With a total area of 2,381,741 square kilometres, 90% of which is desert, Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Arab world and Africa and on the Mediterranean. An appropriate example of this occurred in 2020 when Russian president Vladimir Putin and his party introduced amendments to the country's constitution that reworked term limits, enabling Putin to remain in power until 2036. Like most dictators, they also often employ secret police and violence to silence critics. Dictatorship: What It Is, Types, Characteristics And Examples The People's Republic of China is currently ruled by President Xi Jinping, who also serves as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, the country's Vice President, the President of the Central Party School, and the 1st ranked member of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee. While autocratic countries are not always malevolent, they often still encounter resistance from citizens who would prefer to have a greater say in the government's policy-making process. Imelda Marcos was the wife of Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled over the . These individuals form an inner circle, making up a class of elites that hold a degree of power within the dictatorship and receive benefits in exchange for their support. Typically, dictators rise to power when a nation faces significant social issues, such as strong economic crises or unrest among the nation's people. [14], Unless they have undertaken a self-coup, those seizing power typically have little governmental experience and do not have a detailed policy plan in advance. Current Dictators - List of World Dictators From 2015-2022 - Planet Rulers The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets. Since the Korean War, North Korea has been ruled by a series of autocratic leaders. 15 Countries with Dictatorships Today (Or on Their Way to Dictatorships 10 Biggest Countries Ruled by Dictators - Insider Monkey [22], Military dictatorships are typically formed by a military coup in which senior officers use the military to overthrow the government. 10 Absolute Worst African Dictators - Afrikanza [143], In the 20th century, most dictatorships held elections in which voters could only choose to support the dictatorship, with only one-quarter of partisan dictatorships permitting opposition candidates to participate. This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens.

Hudson Nh School Board Candidates, Articles L