. Tariff of Abominations of 1828 | What was the Significance of the Tariff of Abominations? . I said, only, that it was highly wise and useful in legislating for the northwestern country, while it was yet a wilderness, to prohibit the introduction of slaves: and added, that I presumed, in the neighboring state of Kentucky, there was no reflecting and intelligent gentleman, who would doubt, that if the same prohibition had been extended, at the same early period, over that commonwealth, her strength and population would, at this day, have been far greater than they are. The gentleman, indeed, argues that slavery, in the abstract, is no evil. I feel like its a lifeline. It is the common pretense. . Sir, the very chief end, the main design, for which the whole Constitution was framed and adopted, was to establish a government that should not be obliged to act through state agency, or depend on state opinion and state discretion. But, sir, we will pass over all this. The Webster-Hayne Debate - 1830 - YouTube The other way was through the sale of federally-owned land to private citizens. All of these contentious topics were touched upon in Webster and Hayne's nine day long debate. For Calhoun, see the Speech on Abolition Petitions and the Speech on the Oregon Bill. APUSH CH 9 Flashcards | Quizlet We found that we had to deal with a people whose physical, moral, and intellectual habits and character, totally disqualified them from the enjoyment of the blessings of freedom. Pet Banks History & Effects | What are Pet Banks? This means that South Carolina is essentially its own nation, Georgia is its own nation, and so on. New England, the Union, and the Constitution in its integrity, all were triumphantly vindicated. Finding our lot cast among a people, whom God had manifestly committed to our care, we did not sit down to speculate on abstract questions of theoretical liberty. . Debate on the Constitutionality of the Mexican War, Letters and Journals from the Oregon Trail. So what was this debate really about? Most assuredly, I need not say I differ with him, altogether and most widely, on that point. Are we yet at the mercy of state discretion, and state construction? Tariff of 1816 History & Significance | What was the Tariff of 1816? Robert Young Hayne | American politician | Britannica Nullification, Webster maintained, was a political absurdity. It cannot be doubted, and is not denied, that before the formation of the constitution, each state was an independent sovereignty, possessing all the rights and powers appertaining to independent nations; nor can it be denied that, after the Constitution was formed, they remained equally sovereign and independent, as to all powers, not expressly delegated to the federal government. But the feeling is without all adequate cause, and the suspicion which exists wholly groundless. I would strengthen the ties that hold us together. . He rose, the image of conscious mastery, after the dull preliminary business of the day was dispatched, and with a happy figurative allusion to the tossed mariner, as he called for a reading of the resolution from which the debate had so far drifted, lifted his audience at once to his level. Daniel Webster argued against nullification (the idea that states could disobey federal laws) arguing in favor of a strong federal government which would bind the states together under the Constitution. The purpose of the Constitution was to permit cooperation between states under a shared political standard, but that meant that any growth in a federal government threatened the sovereignty of the states. There yet remains to be performed, Mr. President, by far the most grave and important duty, which I feel to be devolved on me, by this occasion. Is it the creature of the state legislatures, or the creature of the people? On that system, Ohio and Carolina are different governments, and different countries, connected here, it is true, by some slight and ill-defined bond of union, but, in all main respects, separate and diverse. One was through protective tariffs, high taxes on imports and exports. Webster argued that the American people had created the Union to promote the good of the whole. Crittenden Compromise Plan & Reception | What was the Crittenden Compromise? The Commercial Greatness of the United States, Special Message to Congress (Tyler Doctrine), Estranged Labour and The Communist Manifesto, State of the Union Address Part II (1848). . But I take leave of the subject. As a pious son of Federalism, Webster went the full length of the required defense. The impression which has gone abroad, of the weakness of the South, as connected with the slave question, exposes us to such constant attacks, has done us so much injury, and is calculated to produce such infinite mischiefs, that I embrace the occasion presented by the remarks of the gentleman from Massachusetts, to declare that we are ready to meet the question promptly and fearlessly. The real significance of this debate was in each man's interpretation of the United States Constitution. Let us look at the historical facts. Benton was rising in renown as the advocate not only of Western settlers but of a new theory that the public lands should be given away instead of sold to them. Perhaps a quotation from a speech in Parliament in 1803 of Lord Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry (17691822) during a debate over the conduct of British officials in India. . But, the simple expression of this sentiment has led the gentleman, not only into a labored defense of slavery, in the abstract, and on principle, but, also, into a warm accusation against me, as having attacked the system of domestic slavery, now existing in the Southern states. Sir, we will not stop to inquire whether the black man, as some philosophers have contended, is of an inferior race, nor whether his color and condition are the effects of a curse inflicted for the offences of his ancestors. Webster-Hayne Debate - U-S-History Well, it's important to remember that the nation was still young and much different than what we think of today. The taxes paid by foreign nations to export American cotton, for example, generated lots of money for the government. 1. emigration the movement of people from one place to another 2. immigration a situation in which resources are being used up at a faster rate than they can be replenished 3. migration the leaving of one's homeland to settle in a new place 4. overpopulation the movement of people to a new country 5. sustainable development a situation in which the birth rate is not sufficient to replace the . At the time of the debate, Webster was serving his term as Senator of Massachusetts. In many respects, his speech betrays the mentality of Massachusetts conservatives seeking to regain national leadership and advance their particular ideas about the nation. The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of unplanned speeches in the Senate between January 19th and 27th of 1830 between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. God grant that on my vision never may be opened what lies behind. But, sir, the task has been forced upon me, and I proceed right onward to the performance of my duty; be the consequences what they may, the responsibility is with those who have imposed upon me this necessity. Most people of the time supported a small central government and strong state governments, so the federal government was much weaker than you might have expected. Hayne quotes from the Virginia Resolution (1798), authored by Thomas Jefferson, to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798). South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification 1832 | Crisis, Cause & Issues. . Which of the following is the best definition of a hypothesis? . This government, sir, is the independent offspring of the popular will. Post-Civil War, as the nation rebuilt and reconciled the balance between federal and state government, federal law became the supreme law of the land, just as Webster desired. She has a BA in political science. MTEL Speech: Notable Debates & Speeches in U.S. History, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858: Summary & Significance, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Significance of Daniel Webster's Argument, MTEL Speech: Principles of Argument & Debate, MTEL Speech: Understanding Persuasive Communication, MTEL Speech: Public Argument in Democratic Societies. . We who come here, as agents and representatives of these narrow-minded and selfish men of New England, consider ourselves as bound to regard, with equal eye, the good of the whole, in whatever is within our power of legislation. It was plenary then, and never having been surrendered, must be plenary now. After his term as a senator, he served as the Governor of South Carolina. In 1830, the federal government collected few taxes and had two primary sources of revenue. 1830's APUSH Flashcards | Quizlet Rachel Venter is a recent graduate of Metropolitan State University of Denver. I understand him to maintain, that the ultimate power of judging of the constitutional extent of its own authority, is not lodged exclusively in the general government, or any branch of it; but that, on the contrary, the states may lawfully decide for themselves, and each state for itself, whether, in a given case, the act of the general government transcends its power. . Sir, I will not stop at the border; I will carry the war into the enemys territory, and not consent to lay down my arms, until I shall have obtained indemnity for the past, and security for the future.[4] It is with unfeigned reluctance that I enter upon the performance of this part of my duty. . The main issue of the Webster-Hayne Debate was the nature of the country that had been created by the Constitution. Hayne, South Carolina's foremost Senator, was the chosen champion; and the cause of his State, both in its right and wrong sides, could have found no abler exponent while [Vice President] Calhoun's official station kept him from the floor. I hold it to be a popular government, erected by the people; those who administer it responsible to the people; and itself capable of being amended and modified, just as the people may choose it should be. More specifically, some of the issues facing Congress during this period included: Robert Y. Hayne served as Senator of South Carolina from 1823 to 1832. In all the efforts that have been made by South Carolina to resist the unconstitutional laws which Congress has extended over them, she has kept steadily in view the preservation of the Union, by the only means by which she believes it can be long preserveda firm, manly, and steady resistance against usurpation. The honorable gentleman from Massachusetts while he exonerates me personally from the charge, intimates that there is a party in the country who are looking to disunion. I now proceed to show that it is perfectly safe, and will practically have no effect but to keep the federal government within the limits of the Constitution, and prevent those unwarrantable assumptions of power, which cannot fail to impair the rights of the states, and finally destroy the Union itself. The Union to be preserved, while it suits local and temporary purposes to preserve it; and to be sundered whenever it shall be found to thwart such purposes. In January 1830, a debate on the nature of sovereignty in the American federal union occurred in the United States Senate between Senators Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina. Those who would confine the federal government strictly within the limits prescribed by the Constitutionwho would preserve to the states and the people all powers not expressly delegatedwho would make this a federal and not a national Unionand who, administering the government in a spirit of equal justice, would make it a blessing and not a curse. 136 lessons . On this subject, as in all others, we ask nothing of our Northern brethren but to let us alone; leave us to the undisturbed management of our domestic concerns, and the direction of our own industry, and we will ask no more. . Webster's "Second Reply to Hayne" was generally regarded as "the most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress."[1]. The Webster-Hayne debates began over one issue but quickly switched to another. . That's what was happening out West. - Definition and Uses, Public Speaking: Assignment 1 - Informative Speech, Public Speaking: Assignment 3 - Special Occasion Speech, The Role of Probability Distributions, Random Numbers & the Computer in Simulations, The Monte Carlo Simulation: Scope & Common Applications, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, The methods by which the federal government earned its revenue, The federal government's surveying and selling of land west of the Mississippi River, The issue of slavery, which was beginning to divide the Northern and Southern states, The balance of power between federal and state governments. Jackson himself would raise a national toast for 'the Union' later that year. . Sir, I may be singularperhaps I stand alone here in the opinion, but it is one I have long entertained, that one of the greatest safeguards of liberty is a jealous watchfulness on the part of the people, over the collection and expenditure of the public moneya watchfulness that can only be secured where the money is drawn by taxation directly from the pockets of the people. It moves vast bodies, and gives to them one and the same direction. I have but one word more to add. Besides that, however, the federal government was still figuring out its role in American society. Nor shall I stop there. I supposed, that on this point, no two gentlemen in the Senate could entertain different opinions. Well, you're not alone. [was] fixed, forever, the character of the population in the vast regions Northwest of the Ohio, by excluding from them involuntary servitude. The senator from Massachusetts, in denouncing what he is pleased to call the Carolina doctrine,[5] has attempted to throw ridicule upon the idea that a state has any constitutional remedy by the exercise of its sovereign authority against a gross, palpable, and deliberate violation of the Constitution. He called it an idle or a ridiculous notion, or something to that effect; and added, that it would make the Union a mere rope of sand. . . Gloomy and downcast of late, Massachusetts men walked the avenue as though the fife and drum were before them. . But the topic which became the leading feature of the whole debate and gave it an undying interest was that of nullification, in which Hayne and Webster came forth as chief antagonists. Speech to the U.S. House of Representatives. Why? . The debate itself, a nine-day long unplanned exchange between Senators Robert Y. Hayne and Daniel Webster, directly addressed the methods by which the federal government was generating revenue, namely through protective tariffs and the selling of federal lands in the newly acquired western territories. What was the main issue of the Webster-Hayne debate? . Foote Idea To Limit The Sale Of Public Lands In The West To New Settlers. - Women's Rights Facts & Significance, Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points: Definition, Speech & Summary, Fireside Chats: Definition & Significance, JFK's New Frontier: Definition, Speech & Program. Their own power over their own instrument remains. It has been said that Hayne was Calhoun's sword and buckler and that he returned to the contest refreshed each morning by nightly communions with the Vice-President, drawing auxiliary supplies from the well-stored arsenal of his powerful and subtle mind. There was an end to all apprehension. The people of the United States have declared that this Constitution shall be the Supreme Law. What they said I believe; fully and sincerely believe, that the Union of the states is essential to the prosperity and safety of the states. The Webster-Hayne Debate: Defining Nationhood in the Early American . It has always been regarded as a matter of domestic policy, left with the states themselves, and with which the federal government had nothing to do. He had allowed himself but a single night from eve to morn to prepare for a critical and crowning occasion. .Readers will finish the book with a clear idea of the reason Webster's "Reply" became so influential in its own day. In this regard, Webster anticipated an argument that Abraham Lincoln made in his First Inaugural Address (1861). Between January and May 1830, twenty-one of the forty-eight senators delivered a staggering sixty-five speeches on the nature of the Union. Webster and the North treated it as binding the states together as a single union. Edited and introduced by Jason W. Stevens. . This is a delicate and sensitive point, in southern feeling; and of late years it has always been touched, and generally with effect, whenever the object has been to unite the whole South against northern men, or northern measures. Massachusetts Senator Daniel Webster's "Second Reply" to South Carolina Senator Robert Y. Hayne has long been thought of as a great oratorical celebration of American Nationalism in a period of sectional conflict. . . Senator Foote, of Connecticut, submitted a proposition inquiring into the expediency of limiting the sales of public lands to those already in the market. They significantly declare, that it is time to calculate the value of the Union; and their aim seems to be to enumerate, and to magnify all the evils, real and imaginary, which the government under the Union produces. Those who are in favor of consolidation; who are constantly stealing power from the states and adding strength to the federal government; who, assuming an unwarrantable jurisdiction over the states and the people, undertake to regulate the whole industry and capital of the country. He entered the Senate on that memorable day with a slow and stately step and took his seat as though unconscious of the loud buzz of expectant interest with which the crowded auditory greeted his appearance. . I did not utter a single word, which any ingenuity could torture into an attack on the slavery of the South. The measures of the federal government have, it is true, prostrated her interests, and will soon involve the whole South in irretrievable ruin. . The honorable member himself is not, I trust, and can never be, one of these. The Webster-Hayne Debate: An Inquiry into the Nature of Union by Stefan It is only by a strict adherence to the limitations imposed by the Constitution on the federal government, that this system works well, and can answer the great ends for which it was instituted. I regard domestic slavery as one of the greatest of evils, both moral and political. He must say to his followers [members of the state militia], defend yourselves with your bayonets; and this is warcivil war. This will co-operate with the feelings of patriotism to induce a state to avoid any measures calculated to endanger that connection. . Sir, there does not exist, on the face of the whole earth, a population so poor, so wretched, so vile, so loathsome, so utterly destitute of all the comforts, conveniences, and decencies of life, as the unfortunate blacks of Philadelphia, and New York, and Boston. South Carolinas Declaration of the Causes of Secession (1860), Jefferson Daviss Inaugural Address (1861), Documents in Detail: The Webster-Hayne Debates, Remarks in Congress on the Tariff of Abominations, Check out our collection of primary source readers. . Under the circumstances then existing, I look upon this original and seasonable provision, as a real good attained. Robert Young Hayne spent more than two decades in elected offices, including mayor of Charleston, member of South Carolina's legislature, attorney general, and then governor of the state. Sir, all our difficulties on this subject have arisen from interference from abroad, which has disturbed, and may again disturb, our domestic tranquility, just so far as to bring down punishment upon the heads of the unfortunate victims of a fanatical and mistaken humanity. . He describes fully that old state of things then existing. It is only regarded as a possible means of good; or on the other hand, as a possible means of evil. Connecticut and other northeastern states were worried about the pace of growth and wanted to slow this down. But his standpoint was purely local and sectional. See what I mean? I admit that there is an ultimate violent remedy, above the Constitution, and in defiance of the Constitution, which may be resorted to, when a revolution is to be justified.

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